Probate Court Wiki · Texas

Bexar County
Probate Court

San Antonio, Texas Pop. 2.1MNo Estate Tax

Independent Research Notice: TheProbateCourt.com is an independent research and publication company. We are not affiliated with Bexar County Probate Court, the Texas court system, or any government agency. All information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

Overview

Bexar County (San Antonio) is a major probate jurisdiction serving a population of 2.1M with approximately 7,000–9,000 probate cases filed annually across 2 dedicated statutory probate courts. The system processes roughly ~4,000 cases per judge. Bexar County's unique characteristics include a large military population (5 major military installations including Fort Sam Houston, Lackland AFB, and Randolph AFB), VA benefit coordination complexity, and significant Hispanic family estate complexity with community property issues.

Key Distinguishing Feature

Large military population (5 major bases); VA benefit coordination complexity; significant Hispanic family estate complexity; community property issues with military pensions.

Quick Facts

Court Type

Statutory Probate Courts (2 dedicated)

Judges / Departments

2 judges

Annual Filings

7,000–9,000

Filings Per Judge

~4,000

Simple Timeline

3–6 mo

Complex Timeline

12–36+ mo

Fee Structure

Reasonable / 5% exec max (Tex. Est. Code §352.002)

Small Estate Threshold

$75,000 affidavit

Tax Status

None

The Probate Process: Step by Step

File Application for Probate

1–4 weeks from death

Attorney files Application to Probate Will (or for Administration if no will). 4-year statute of limitations from date of death (Tex. Est. Code §256.003).

Initial Hearing + Appointment

2–6 weeks after filing

Court appoints executor/administrator. Issues Letters Testamentary. Qualifies personal representative.

Post Letters; Notify Creditors

Concurrent with appointment

Publish notice to creditors in newspaper. Mail notice to known creditors. 4-month creditor claims window begins.

File Inventory, Appraisement + List of Claims

Within 90 days of appointment

Due 90 days from qualification (Tex. Est. Code §309.051). List all estate assets.

Administer Estate (Independent Administration)

3–6 months ongoing

With full independent authority, executor manages, sells, and distributes assets without court approval for each action.

Close Estate

1–3 months to close

File Closing Affidavit (if independent). Or petition for final accounting (if dependent). No mandatory creditor period minimum in TX.

Timeline by Case Type

Case Type	Minimum	Typical	Extended
Simple uncontested estate	3–6 mo	3–6 mo	N/A if no complications
Estate with real property	3–6 mo	12–18 mo	18–30 mo if sale contested
Estate with business interests	9–14 mo	14–24 mo	24–48+ mo if valuation disputed
Contested / will contest	12–36+ mo	12–36+ mo	Up to 7+ years with appeals
Guardianship (ongoing)	3–6 mo to establish	Indefinite maintenance	Annual reports; court review

Cost Benchmarks

Fee Structure: Reasonable / 5% exec max (Tex. Est. Code §352.002). Costs are estimates for planning purposes only. Actual costs vary based on estate complexity, disputes, and professional rates. Consult a licensed attorney for specific guidance.

Estate Value	Attorney Fees	Executor Fees	Combined	Add'l Costs	Total Range	% of Estate
$500,000	$5,000–$15,000	$5,000–$25,000 (up to 5%)	$10,000–$40,000	$1,500–$3,000	$12,000–$43,000	2.4%–8.6%
$2,000,000	$15,000–$50,000	$20,000–$100,000 (up to 5%)	$35,000–$150,000	$2,000–$6,000	$37,000–$156,000	1.85%–7.8%
$10,000,000	$50,000–$200,000	$100,000–$500,000 (up to 5%)	$150,000–$700,000	$5,000–$20,000	$155,000–$720,000	1.55%–7.2%

Attorney Intelligence: Real Case Patterns

The following case patterns are composite illustrations based on common probate scenarios in this jurisdiction. They are not accounts of specific individuals.

CASE PATTERN #1: THE MILITARY PENSION COMMUNITY PROPERTY DISPUTE

A Bexar County decedent was a retired Army colonel with a military pension. The surviving spouse and adult children from a prior marriage disputed the community property characterization of the pension. The dispute involved the Uniformed Services Former Spouses' Protection Act (USFSPA) and ran 20 months.

Common Estate Planning Failures

Failure Mode	Frequency	Consequence
No revocable living trust	Most common	All assets titled in decedent's name go through full probate
Trust exists but never funded	Extremely common	Unfunded trust is legally valid, operationally useless — assets still probate
Will drafted 10–20 years ago; never updated	Very common	Outdated executors, guardians, beneficiaries; potential disputes
Real estate not titled to trust	Common	Property triggers full probate even if other assets are in trust
Beneficiary designations not updated after life events	Common	Ex-spouses, deceased beneficiaries, or wrong persons receive assets by contract
No coordination between legal, tax, financial advisors	Common	Contradictory asset structures; unintended taxable events; gap assets
DIY estate plan (online forms, unwitnessed)	Growing	Holographic will disputes; inadequate execution; court challenges
No successor trustee named or willing to serve	Moderate	Court petition required; delays and costs
Assets held in joint tenancy without tax planning	Common	Avoids probate but creates step-up basis issues, gift tax exposure, loss of control
Digital assets not addressed	Emerging	Cryptocurrency, online accounts, digital businesses inaccessible at death

How to Avoid Probate in Texas

1
Revocable Living Trust (avoids probate; most comprehensive planning tool)
2
Small Estate Affidavit (personal property under $75,000; Tex. Est. Code §205.001)
3
Muniment of Title (no debts; real property transfer only — fastest TX procedure)
4
Beneficiary Designations (POD/TOD on accounts, IRAs, life insurance)
5
Lady Bird Deed (Enhanced Life Estate Deed — transfers TX real property at death without probate)
6
Community Property Survivorship Agreement (married couples; avoids probate for community property)

Key Statutes & Legal Authority

Statute / Code	Provision
Tex. Est. Code §256.003	4-year statute of limitations to probate a will — strict enforcement
Tex. Est. Code §352.002	Executor compensation — up to 5% of receipts and disbursements
Tex. Est. Code §309.051	Inventory due 90 days from qualification of personal representative
Tex. Est. Code §205.001	Small estate affidavit — personal property under $75,000
Tex. Est. Code §257.001	Muniment of title — no debts; real property transfer without full administration
Tex. Health & Safety Code §574	Mental health commitment proceedings in statutory probate courts

Frequently Asked Questions

Sources & References

Texas Office of Court Administration (OCA) — Annual Statistical Report 2023
Texas Estates Code §256.003 (4-year statute of limitations)
Texas Estates Code §352.002 (executor compensation — 5% max)
Texas Estates Code §309.051 (inventory — 90-day deadline)
Texas Estates Code §205.001 (small estate affidavit — $75,000)
TheProbateCourt.com Probate Insider Reference Series 2026
EstatelawMagazine.com — Estate Law Reference 2026

Disclaimer: TheProbateCourt.com is an independent research and publication company. We are not affiliated with Bexar County Probate Court, the Texas court system, any government agency, or any probate court. All information provided is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax, financial, or professional advice. Laws change frequently — always verify current statutes and consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before making any legal decisions. © 2026 TheProbateCourt.com. All rights reserved.